ABSTRACT
We prospectively conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid estimation and find the rate of tubercular infection in the people with pleural effusion in city of Lahore. Pleural TB is a common form of extrapulmonary disease and may occur in the presence or absence of pulmonary parenchymal disease on the chest radiograph. Prospective Study. This study was conducted in the Biochemistry Department, FJMC, Lahore from May 2010 to Nov. 2010. This study to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid estimation and tubercular infection in the people with pleural effusion. All patients aged 22 years and older with clinical and radiographic findings consistent with pleural effusion due to TB admitted to the hospital were evaluated consecutively. The studies were performed on pleural fluid samples: glucose and protein were estimated. Specific gravity was calculated. Cell count, differential cell count, bacterial culture, acid-fast bacilli smear were performed using standard procedures. Specimen was cultured, if effusion contains more than 150 WBC/cumm. It was observed that the level of fluid glucose was increased in both sexes as compared to the normal reported values. Level of fluid protein was more in both sexes as compared to the normal reported values. However level of pH was neutral in both sexes. Present study found that pleural TB is still a major cause of pleural effusion in the city of Lahore, and microbiological and biochemical investigation may be helpful in diagnosing the disease
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the frequency of hypochromic microcytic anemia commonly due to iron deficiency in female primgravida and multigravida patients. This also entails comparing both groups in the context of hemoglobin, MCV and RDW as study tools. Cross sectional analytical study. This study was conducted at the Obstetrics Department, Peoples Medical College Nawabshah from July 2008 to Oct 2008. This cross sectional study was carried out on 200 women [100 primigravida and 100 multigravida] with anaemia in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the Obstetrics Department, Peoples Medical College Nawabshah from July 2008 to Oct 2008. Hemoglobin, MCV and RDW levels were assessed in all cases. Data was analyzed using SPSS and students t test was used for evaluation of significance. Mean Haemoglobin +/- SD in Primigravida [Group A, n=100] and Multigravida [Group B, n=100] were 7.85 +/- 1.33 and 6.26 +/- 1.65 with ranges 3.1-10.9 and 3.2-10.4 gm/dl respectively. Mean MCV +/- SD in Group A and B were 63.95 +/- 4.71 and 62.08 +/- 4.97 with ranges 54.4-73.7 and 48.2 -73.7 fl respectively. Mean Red Cell Distribution Width [RDW, SD] +/- SD in Group A and B of anaemic patients were 19.83 +/- 3.05 and 21.31 +/- 3.32 with ranges 14.0-27.4 and 14.0-29.2 x 10[3] /micro l respectively. The results were significant in both groups. In Interior Sindh both primigravida and multigravida females are at high risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia and more so in multigravida. Aggressive health measures need to be taken to control this major health problem in Interior Sindh in particular and in the country as a whole especially in remote areas by promotion of regular consumption of food rich in iron and folates. The identification and treatment of severely anaemic patients with provision of iron supplement, improving personal hygiene, pure water supply and early antenatal diagnosis and follow up can decrease the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women nationally and internationally. Need of the days remains the preparation and implementation of national nutrition plan with a special emphasis of controlling iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Anemia , Pregnant Women , Gravidity , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
To compare the nephrotoxic effects of two aminoglycosides namely, gentamycin and tobramycin on rabbits. Comparative study. Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, from January 2010 to December 2010. The serum levels of creatinine and electrolytes [sodium and potassium] were measured in different groups of rabbits [control group-A, gentamycin group B and tobramycin-group C]. Rabbits in group B and C received laboratory diet and 32 mg/kg/day of gentamycin and tobramycin were given through intramuscular [IM] route twice daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected on day 1, 10, 16, and 22 of drug administration. Each rabbit of all groups was sacrificed on 22[nd] day of experiment. Kidneys were removed and histological examination of the 4 components of the renal tissue [glomeruli, tubules, blood vessels and interstitial tissue] was carried out. Level of serum creatinine was significantly increased in both experimental groups [B and C] as compared to the control group A. On the other hand, level of serum sodium was insignificantly increased in groups B and C, whereas level of serum potassium was significantly decreased in groups of rabbits receiving gentamycin and tobramycin as compared to control group. There was no significant difference in nephrotoxicity between gentamycin and tobramycin